The benefit of velocity stacks is that they are wider at the top of the horn and gradually get slimmer as they get to the bottom of the stack. This decrease of the inside diameter forces the intake air's velocity to increase, creating a siphon - increase the sucking of air. The CAI I use uses a 5" cone that mates to a velocity stack the reduces to a 3" intake tube.
Since my air tube is 90degrees from the vechile travel - I could actually cause a vacuum as air rushes past the air tube - reducing air flow.
A faster/smoother air stream should cause fuel and air to mix together more completely and achieve better atomization.
...or at least that's the theory.
http://www.knfilters.com/facts.htm#BEYOND
Straight cut velocity stacks, for example, pose a unique problem. Exposed to the outside air, velocity stacks experience a phenomena that actually hinders performance at high speed. We are referring to stacks and air horns that protrude through the hood and extend into the air stream so the direction of the air rushing over the car is at a perpendicular angle to the length of the tube.
Air moving rapidly over these stacks create turbulence inside the opening. At high speed, the rushing air tends to create a partial vacuum inside the tube. The condition is counterproductive to air flow. The phenomena also effects open carburetors. The higher the ground speed, the greater the problem. Vacuum created by the engine is trying to coax air into the cylinders and the high speed air flowing over the open end of the stack is causing resistance.
Reversion creates other problems. In an automotive application, reversion refers to reversed air flow, or in simpler terms, it’s when air in the intake runner reverses direction for a split second. The condition is caused when a burst of pressure escapes into the intake runner from the cylinder during valve overlap.
Reversion creates resonance shock waves inside the tubes which exit the open end of the tube at various rates depending on engine speed. It has also been proven that these shock waves interfere with each other when the stacks are in close proximity.