I have both the FIPK and Typhoon intake systems for my LS. Personally the Typhoon sounds a bit more aggressive probably due to it being metal. The 57 series muffles the intake growl a bit more.
They made the 57 series FIPK more expensive and try to make it more appealing because it is CARB certified. They had to spend thousands of dollars to get that certification and they have to get that money back on the sale of the product. If people asked which is better, neither, its all a aesthetic preference.
I also like how K&N claims the FIPK to gain like 1HP more than the Typhoon. With either system in the car you can not tell the difference from one to the other.
The Aircharger you are asking about I think is just the intake system itself is nicknamed that.
The metal tube of the typhoon will conduct heat; there by heating the air intake charge. Not that it will have a substantial decreas in performance. But it would be reasonable to assume under a normal summer day a 1-2 HP difference just due to the fact that plastic does not conduct heat nearly as well. So I'm sure their claim is accurate. You'll never FEEL a 1HP difference. Usually if you FEEL a 10 HP increase, its really just in your mind anyway.